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1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535463

ABSTRACT

Colombia depende de la importación de medicamentos, así como de gran parte de los materiales (principios activos y excipientes) requeridos para su elaboración; problemática que genera consecuencias sanitarias y macroeconómicas, las cuales se agudizan en el contexto de desindustrialización nacional y de disrupción tecnológica. De esta manera, se acepta que la disponibilidad y acceso a medicamentos y otras tecnologías sanitarias esenciales son un requisito fundamental para alcanzar la autonomía sanitaria de un país. Por lo tanto, resulta imprescindible coordinar esfuerzos entre diversos sectores sociales para desarrollar una agenda pública enfocada a la creación de condiciones que fortalezcan las capacidades científicas y tecnológicas de la industria farmacéutica local, y con ello, mejorar el suministro farmacéutico del país. En el presente documento se presentan conceptos teóricos y prácticos que deberían ser considerados en la definición y materialización de una política pública encaminada a fortalecer la industria farmacéutica y favorecer la autonomía sanitaria de Colombia.


Colombia has a notorious dependency on the importation of medicines, as well as a large part of the materials (active ingredients and excipients) required for their manufacture. This problem generates health and macroeconomic consequences, which are exacerbated in the context of national deindustrialization and technological disruption. In this way, it is accepted that the availability and access to medicines and other essential health technologies are a fundamental requirement to achieve the health autonomy of a country. Therefore, it is crucial to coordinate efforts between several social sectors to develop a public agenda focused on creating conditions that allow strengthening the scientific and technological capabilities of the local pharmaceutical industry, thereby, improving the country's pharmaceutical supply. This document presents conceptual and practical topics that should be considered to defining and materializing a public policy aimed at strengthening the local pharmaceutical industry and favoring Colombia's sanitary autonomy.

2.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 60(2): 206-212, jun. 2022. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388425

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Los empiemas subdurales, tanto los de aparición espontánea o como complicación en la evolución de un hematoma subdural (HSD), son infrecuentes y de los cuales existen pocas publicaciones en la literatura(1). En este trabajo se revisa una serie de 15 casos operados en el Hospital de Urgencia Asistencia Pública (HUAP) en un período de 15 años. Se observó que en general tienen buena evolución con el tratamiento instaurado en forma oportuna y que son larvados en su presentación, pudiendo llegar a ser diagnosticados incluso en el intraoperatorio. No se observó diferencia en su evolución cuando se operaron a través de una craniectomía o de una craneotomía (plaqueta)(2). No se encontró tampoco diferencia cuando se trataron con o sin drenaje. Como consenso general, deben ser tratados con antibioticoterapia prolongada de al menos 3-4 semanas para controlar el foco infeccioso(2). Ninguno de los casos revisados requirió de reintervención.


ABSTRACT Subdural empyemas, both spontaneous or as a complication in the evolution of subdural hematomas, are an uncommon fact of which there are few publications in literature. In this review we analyze a retrospective serie of 15 cases operated in HUAP in a period of 15 years. In general we don't observed differences in the outcome using different surgical techniques, both in those treated by craniectomy as those treated by craniotomy. Also we don't observed differences in those treated with or without drainage. In the same way is clear that the optimal period of antibiotic treatment must be 3-4 weeks to fully cover them. None of the cases treated, needed reintervention.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Empyema, Subdural/complications , Empyema, Subdural/epidemiology , Hematoma, Subdural/etiology , Empyema, Subdural/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Craniotomy , Age and Sex Distribution , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 36(3): 304-311, jun. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013788

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La expresión de β-lactamasas CTX-M pertenecientes a los grupos 1 y 9 en Klebsiella pneumoniae produce grados altos de resistencia a ceftazidima, y presentan una amplia distribución mundial. Objetivo: Identificar y caracterizar los genes blaCTX-M-Grupo1 y blaCTX-M-Grupo9 en aislados de K. pneumoniae resistentes a ceftazidima en un hospital de San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. Material y Método: Se diseñaron partidores para la identificación de K. pneumoniae y los genes blaCTX-M mediante reacción de polimerasa en cadena (RPC). Posteriormente se realizó el análisis de la relación genética de estos aislados por medio de la RPC basada en secuencias repetitivas (RPC-REP). Resultados: Treinta y ocho por ciento de los 24 aislados identificados por RPC como K. pneumoniae presentaron los genes blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-15 y blaCTX-M-32 (Grupo CTX-M-1) y 42% los genes blaCTX-M14, blaCTX-M-24 y blaCTX-M-27 (Grupo CTX-M-9). El análisis filogenético agrupó los aislados de K. pneumoniae en cuatro clusters, mostrando correlación en los clusters I, II y IV, al comparar los perfiles genéticos con el tipo de muestra y grupo de genes. Discusión: Se encontró una frecuencia similar de los genes blaCTX-M-Grupo1 y blaCTX-M-Grupo 9 en aislados de K. pneumoniae resistentes a ceftazidima. La correlación entre la RPC-REP con los grupos de CTX-M y el tipo de muestra reveló la presencia de tres patrones clonales.


Background: The expression of CTX-M β-lactamases belonging to groups 1 and 9 in Klebsiella pneumoniae produces high levels of resistance to ceftazidime, and they have a wide distribution worldwide. Aim: To identify and characterize the blaCTX-M-Group1 and blaCTX-M-Group9 genes in K. pneumoniae isolates resistant to ceftazidime in a hospital in San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. Material and Methods: Primers were designed for the identification of K. pneumoniae and blaCTX-M genes by PCR. Subsequently, the genetic relationship of these isolates was analyzed by REP-PCR. Results: A 38% of the 24 isolates identified by PCR as K. pneumoniae showed blaCTX-M-3. blaCTX-M-15 y blaCTX-M-32 genes (Group CTX-M-1) and 42% blaCTX-M14. blaCTX-M-24 y blaCTX-M-27 genes (Group CTX-M-9). The phylogenetic analysis grouped the K. pneumoniae isolates into 4 clusters, showing correlation in clusters I, II and IV, when comparing the genetic profiles with the type of sample and group of genes. Discussion: We found a similar frequency of blaCTX-M-Group 1 and blaCTX-M-Group 9 genes in isolates of K. pneumoniae resistant to ceftazidime. The correlation between the REP-PCR with the CTX-M groups and the type of sample revealed the presence of three clonal patterns.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Molecular Typing , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Phylogeny , Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification , beta-Lactamases/isolation & purification , Ceftazidime , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Colombia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents
4.
Enferm. univ ; 15(4): 394-401, oct.-dic. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-989792

ABSTRACT

Introducción La obesidad infantil provoca una alteración en la modulación autonómica cardiaca. Se ha señalado que la reducción de la acción protectora del sistema nervioso parasimpático cardiaco, manifestada en una frecuencia cardiaca más acelerada tras la actividad física en este grupo de pacientes, podría representar un dato temprano de disfunción cardiovascular. Objetivo Determinar diferencias en la Frecuencia cardiaca en reposo y tras actividad física en escolares con y sin obesidad, adscritos al servicio de pediatría de un Hospital de Segundo Nivel de Atención. Material y método Bajo un diseño transversal, y un muestreo no probabilístico; se estudiaron niños en edad escolar que asistían a consulta externa de pediatría, se categorizó estado nutricional mediante score Z de IMC e índice cintura-estatura, se midió frecuencia cardiaca en tres momentos: reposo, posterior a actividad y en reposo tras actividad. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de las variables, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, Kruskal Wallis y U de Mann Whitney, para medir asociación y diferencia de frecuencias cardiacas entre los grupos estudiados. Resultados Se estudiaron 106 niños en edad escolar, el 53% presentaba obesidad abdominal y el 66% sobrepeso/obesidad. Se encontraron diferencias de medias estadísticamente significativas en las frecuencias cardiacas post actividad y tras reposo post actividad, entre pacientes con y sin obesidad. Discusión y Conclusiones Los niños con sobrepeso y obesidad deberían tener un seguimiento estrecho, ya que el marcado aumento de la FC después de la actividad física, debe ser tomado en cuenta como signo de alarma temprano de disfunción cardiovascular.


Introduction Childhood obesity provokes alterations in the cardiac autonomic modulation; and it has been pointed that disturbances to cardiac parasympathetic system, manifested as faster heart rate after physical activity, in this group of patients, could represent an early sign of cardiovascular disfunction. Objective To determine differences in heart rate at rest and after physical activity among school children, with and without obesity, attending to a pediatric service in a Second Level of Attention Hospital. Materials and method Under a transversal study design, and non-probabilistic sampling, school children attending to pediatric service were studied. The nutritional status was assessed through BMI Z scores, and a waist/height index. Heart rate were measured at three times: rest, after some physical activity, and at rest after such physical activity. A descriptive analysis was performed, and Pearson correlation coefficient, and Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests were calculated to assess cardiac-related associations and differences between the two groups. Results 106 school children were studied. 53% showed abdominal obesity and 66% overweight/obesity. Statistically significant mean differences were found in the cardiac frequencies post activity and at rest post activity between the patients with and without obesity. Discussion and conclusion Considering the notorious increases in cardiac frequencies after physical activity, children with overweight and obesity should to be closely monitored for possible signs of cardiovascular disfunction.


Introdução A obesidade infantil provoca uma alteração na modulação autonómica cardíaca. Foi apontado que a redução da ação protetora do sistema nervoso parassimpático cardíaco, manifestada em uma fre quência cardíaca mais acelerada após a atividade física neste grupo de pacientes, poderia representar um dado precoce de disfunção cardiovascular neles. Objetivo Determinar diferenças na Frequência cardíaca em repouso e após da atividade física em estu dantes com e sem obesidade, vinculados ao serviço de pediatria de um Hospital de Segundo Nível de Atenção. Material e método Sob um desenho transversal, e uma amostra não probabilística; estudaram-se crianças em idade escolar que assistiam a consulta externa de pediatria, categorizou-se estado nutricional mediante score Z de IMC e índice cinto-estatura, mediu-se frequência cardíaca em três momentos: repouso, posterior à atividade e em repouso após a atividade. Realizou-se análise descritiva das variáveis, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, Kruskal Wallis e U de Mann Whitney, para medir associação e diferença de frequências cardíacas entre os grupos estudados. Resultados Estudaram-se 106 crianças em idade escolar, o 53% apresentava obesidade abdominal e o 66% sobrepeso/obesidade. Encontraram-se diferenças de médias estatisticamente significativas nas frequên cias cardíacas post atividade e após repouso post atividade, entre os pacientes com e sem obesidade. Discussão e Conclusões As crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade deveriam ter um acompanhamento maior, já que o marcado aumento da FC depois da atividade física é um signo de alarme, que deve ser tomado em conta como signo precoce de disfunção cardiovascular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child , Heart Rate , Obesity
5.
Acta ortop. mex ; 30(6): 320-322, nov.-dic. 2016. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-949772

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El schwannoma es un tumor benigno derivado de la vaina neural de las células de Schwann. Habitualmente suele ser pequeño y solitario, siendo más frecuente en los pares craneales y en la médula espinal, aunque menos frecuente en las extremidades. Se han descrito casos de aparición en las extremidades (principalmente superiores). Son muy raros los casos de schwannomas de gran tamaño sin relación con la neurofibromatosis. Presentamos a una paciente de 25 años de edad, con un schwannoma gigante que invadía desde la región isquiática al tríceps sural.


Abstract: A schwannoma is a benign nerve sheath tumor derived from Schwann cells. They are usually small and solitary tumors more frequently localized in cranial nerves and the spinal cord and rarely in the limbs. Some cases have been reported involving extremities (mainly the upper ones) but with a small size. Cases of big size schwannomas unrelated to a neurofibromatosis are very rare. We report the case of a 25 year old patient, with a giant schwannoma which invaded the ischiatic region reaching the triceps surae.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/diagnosis , Nerve Sheath Neoplasms/pathology , Neurilemmoma/diagnosis , Neurilemmoma/pathology , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness
6.
Med. infant ; 22(3): 219-225, Sept.2015. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-906643

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: 1) Analizar las reconsultas (RC) de pacientes a las 72 horas de su primera consulta en el Servicio de Emergencias Pediatría (SEP) de un hospital materno infantil del conurbano bonaerense. 2) Comparar las reconsultas entre dos periodos, luego de implementar mejoras en los procesos asistenciales y de contrarreferencia. Materiales y Metodos: Diseño: retrospectivo, observacional y transversal. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes de 30 días a 15 años de edad, que reconsultaron en el SEP del 01/01 al 31/03 de los años 2010 y 2014. Resultados: Las consultas que se atendieron en el periodo de estudio fueron: 14.003 en 2010 y 13.011 en 2014. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron: infección respiratoria aguda alta (19.2%), fiebre (13%) y diarrea/ gastroenteritis (13.3%). Hubo 7.11% (n=966) de RC en el 2010 y 12.21% (n=1589) en el 2014. La mediana de edad de los pacientes con RC fue 24 meses en ambos años. Los motivos de RC más frecuentes fueron: persistencia de los síntomas (41% y 53.67%); progresión de la enfermedad (25% y 11.43%); otros diagnósticos nuevos (14.07% y 19.5%) y control (14% y 8.3%). Las RC de los domiciliados en San Isidro fueron 72.97% (n=694) en el 2010 y 69.32% (n=1071) en el 2014 del total de RC. La disminución de las RC observada al comparar ambos períodos es estadísticamente no significativa. (Pearson chi2 2.4506, p = 0.117). Conclusiones: 1) Los principales motivos de consulta fueron fiebre, diarrea y patología de la vía aérea superior. 2) Las RC dentro de las primeras 72 horas fueron 7% en 2010 y 12.9% en 2014. 3) La mayoría de los niños que concurren por RC lo hacen por la persistencia de síntomas de procesos que revisten poca gravedad. 4) Hubo una leve disminución, estadísticamente no significativa, de la RC de los pacientes domiciliados en San Isidro (AU)


Aims: 1) To analyze second consultations (SC) in patients within 72 hours of the first consultation at the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) of a mother-and-child hospital in Greater Buenos Aires. 2) To compare SC between two time periods, after implementing a program of care and counter-referral. Material and Methods: Study design: a retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted. Inclusion criteria: patients between 30 days of life and 15 years of age, who consulted at the PED between 01/01 and 31/03 from 2010 to 2014. Results: Patients seen during the study period were: 14,003 in 2010 and 13,011 in 2014. The most common diagnoses were: Acute upper respiratory infection (19.2%), fever (13%) and diarrhea/gastroenteritis (13.3%). SC were 7.11% (n=966) in 2010 and 12.21% (n=1589) in 2014. Median age of patients with a SC was 24 months in both years. Most common reasons for SC were persistent symptoms (41% and 53.67%); disease progression (25% and 11.43%); new diagnosis (14.07% and 19.5%) and control (14% and 8.3%). Home visits for SC in San Isidro were 72.97% (n=694) in 2010 and 69.32% (n=1071) in 2014 of all SC. The decrease in SC when comparing both periods was not statistically significant (Pearson chi2 2.4506, p = 0.117). Conclusions: 1) The main reasons for consult were fever, diarrhea, and upper airway infections. 2) SC within 72 hours were 7% in 2010 and 12.9% in 2014. 3) The majority of childrenwho were seen in a SC had persistent symptoms that were not severe. 4) A slight decrease, that was not statistically significant, was observed in SC of patients seen in the area of San Isidro (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Emergency Service, Hospital , Patient Readmission , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Study , Retrospective Studies
7.
Rev. chil. cir ; 65(4): 346-350, ago. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-684357

ABSTRACT

Background: biliary stents are devices that are used to widen narrowed bile ducts, especially in malignant obstructions, although at present its use in benign biliopancreatic diseases is progressively increasing. Endoscopic placement of biliary stents is a well established procedure that is performed daily. Despite its frequency, has a complication rate of 5-10 percent, the most common are cholangitis and stent obstruction and there are others more rare and serious like pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation and biliary stent migration. Case report: we report a 70-years-old male with a history of plastic biliary stent placement after open cholecystectomy because of choledocholithiasis, who arrived at the Emergency Department with symptoms of intestinal obstruction. After performing imaging studies, there was significant intestinal dilation and a biliary stent in the sigmoid colon. He underwent urgent surgical intervention, having the plastic biliary stent located in a sigmoid diverticulum. We performed removal of the stent and simple suture of the sigmoid diverticular perforation. Conclusion: sigmoid diverticular perforation secondary to migration of a plastic biliary stent is a rare complication that can occur after placement of a stent in the bile duct. It must be suspected in all acute abdomens accompanied of radiological images demonstrating biliary stent migration because these patients often show atypical symptoms.


Introducción: las endoprótesis biliares son dispositivos que se emplean para ampliar las vías biliares estenosadas, especialmente en las obstrucciones malignas, aunque actualmente su uso está aumentando progresivamente en las enfermedades benignas biliopancreáticas. La colocación endoscópica de las endopró-tesis biliares es un procedimiento bien establecido que se realiza diariamente, aunque presenta una tasa de complicaciones de 5-10 por ciento, siendo las más frecuentes la colangitis y la obstrucción de la propia endoprótesis, existiendo otras más raras y graves como la pancreatitis, la hemorragia digestiva, la perforación intestinal y la migración de la endoprótesis biliar. Caso clínico: varón de 70 años de edad con antecedentes de colocación de endoprótesis biliar plástica tras presentar coledocolitiasis posterior a colecistectomía, que acudió al Servicio de Urgencias con clínica de obstrucción intestinal. Después de realizar radiología simple y ecografía abdominal, se observó importante dilatación intestinal y una endoprótesis biliar en sigma. Se practicó intervención quirúrgica urgente, hallándose endoprótesis biliar plástica enclavada en un divertículo sigmoideo. Se realizó extracción de la endoprótesis y sutura simple de la perforación diverticular sigmoidea. Conclusión: la perforación diverticular sigmoidea secundaria a la migración de una endoprótesis biliar plástica es una complicación poco frecuente que puede aparecer tras la colocación de una endoprótesis en la vía biliar. Dicha perforación debe sospecharse ante todo cuadro de abdomen agudo que se acompaña de imágenes radiológicas que demuestren la migración de la endoprótesis biliar, ya que estos pacientes no suelen presentar una sintomatología típica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Foreign-Body Migration/complications , Intestinal Perforation/surgery , Intestinal Perforation/etiology , Stents/adverse effects , Diverticulum , Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
8.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 31(2): 195-201, mayo-ago. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695833

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: evaluar la atención de las víctimas de violencia sexual en hospitales en convenio con la facultad de medicina de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada (umng) en Bogotá. Metodología: diseño multimétodo para la evaluación (estructura, procesos, resultados) y la identificación de dimensiones de conocimiento y actitudinal de los profesionales de la salud. Se aplicaron listas de chequeo, entrevistas para el líder de la red del Buen Trato y cuestionarios de conocimientos y actitudes entre septiembre de 2009 y septiembre de 2010. Resultados: se identificaron limitaciones en los insumos, espacio físico y recurso humano; en los procesos, por el no reconocimiento de la actividad como institucional y según los resultados, demostraron vacíos en los diagnósticos, registros y la orientación interdisciplinaria de los casos. Las dimensiones de conocimiento y actitudinal mostraron actitudes favorables para la atención pero falta de entrenamiento. Discusión: la atención de la violencia sexual en los hospitales evaluados no evidenció un enfoque diferencial. La atención presentó debilidades relacionadas con la inexistencia de un equipo interdisciplinario, la falta de entrenamiento del personal y una deficiente coordinación intersectorial. Se evidenció la necesidad de entrenar periódicamente al personal de salud, apoyar la constitución de una red del Buen Trato sostenible, y adecuar espacios físicos e insumos garantizando la calidad de la atención...


Objective: to evaluate the medical care that the hospitals in partnership with the Medical School of the umng university (Universidad Militar Nueva Granada) provide to victims of sexual violence. Methodology: a multi-design method was used to assess (structure, process and results) and identify the knowledge and attitudes of the healthcare providers. Similarly, the researchers used check lists, interviews with the leader of the assistance network (Red de Buen Trato) and a knowledge and attitudes questionnaire. The study took place from September 2009 to September 2010. Results: a lack of supplies, space, and human resources was detected in the process due to the lack of recognition of the activity as institutional. The results clearly showed gaps in diagnosis, patient records and in the interdisciplinary support provided to the cases. The knowledge and attitude dimensions showed a favorable result in regards to the service provided, yet there is still an evident lack of training. Discussion: the healthcare provided by the assessed hospitals to the sexually assaulted patients did not show a differential approach. It was deficient due to an inexistent interdisciplinary team, a lack of training and an insufficient inter-sectorial coordination. This demonstrates the need to periodically train the healthcare providers, support the creation of a sustainable assistance network, and provide adequate physical spaces and supplies to guarantee that high quality medical care is provided to these patients...


Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Assistance , Sex Offenses
9.
Med. infant ; 19(4): 260-263, dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-774350

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La administración de midazolam por atomizador nasal podría ser eficaz y segura en emergencias pediátricas. Objetivos: describir la administración de midazolam utilizando el atomizador nasal; conocer las complicaciones asociadas. Métodos: Diseño: descriptivo, prospectivo. Pacientes que recibieron midazolam mediante MAD®, entre el 01/08/2007 y el 30/03/2008. Resultados: el dispositivo fue usado 28 veces; niños con edad media de 38 meses, 64% de sexo masculino. Motivos de uso: procedimientos 71,43% y convulsiones 28,57%. Procedimientos: la media de dosis utilizada fue 0,27mg/kg, la media de comienzo de acción 3 minutos. En las convulsiones febriles, luego de fracasar la búsqueda de un acceso endovenoso, se procedió a la administración de la droga por MAD® siendo el tiempo medio desde el inicio del episodio convulsivo hasta el comienzo de la administración de la droga de 3.42 minutos y la dosis media 0.3 mg/kg. No se observaron complicaciones. Conclusiones:1) la administración de midazolam por el atomizador nasal es segura y eficaz; 2) no hubo complicaciones.


Introduction: Midazolam administration using an intranasal spray (MAD®) may be efficacious and safe in pediatric emer-gencies. Objectives: 1) To describe midazolam administration using an intranasal atomizer. 2) To assess the complications associated with intranasal midazolam. Methods: Design: A descriptive and prospective study in patients who were ad-ministered midazolam via MAD® between 01/08/2007 and 30/03/2008. Results: Intranasal midazolam was used 28 times in children with a mean age of 38 months (SD 28.44); 64% were boys. Reasons for administrartion were: Procedures in 71.43% (n=20) and seizures in 28.57% (n=8). Procedures: Mean dose used was 0.27 mg/kg (SD 0.35), and mean time to effect onset was 3 minutes (SD 3.5). In febrile seizures, after search for intravenous access had failed, midazolam was administered using MAD® with a mean time interval between seizure onset and drug administration of 3.42 (SD 6.61) min-utes and at a mean dose of 0.3 mg/kg. No complications were observed. Conclusions: 1) Intranasal midazolam administration was safe and efficacious. 2) No complications were observed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Ambulatory Care , Emergencies , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Midazolam/therapeutic use , Nebulizers and Vaporizers , Administration, Intranasal , Seizures, Febrile/therapy
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(11): 1095-1101, Nov. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-650576

ABSTRACT

Effective statin therapy is associated with a marked reduction of cardiovascular events. However, the explanation for full benefits obtained for LDL cholesterol targets by combined lipid-lowering therapy is controversial. Our study compared the effects of two equally effective lipid-lowering strategies on markers of cholesterol synthesis and absorption. A prospective, open label, randomized, parallel design study, with blinded endpoints, included 116 subjects. We compared the effects of a 12-week treatment with 40 mg rosuvastatin or the combination of 40 mg simvastatin/10 mg ezetimibe on markers of cholesterol absorption (campesterol and β-sitosterol), synthesis (desmosterol), and their ratios to cholesterol. Both therapies similarly decreased total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B, and increased apolipoprotein A1 (P < 0.05 vs baseline for all). Simvastatin/ezetimibe increased plasma desmosterol (P = 0.012 vs baseline), and decreased campesterol and β-sitosterol (P < 0.0001 vs baseline for both), with higher desmosterol (P = 0.007) and lower campesterol and β-sitosterol compared to rosuvastatin, (P < 0.0001, for both). In addition, rosuvastatin increased the ratios of these markers to cholesterol (P < 0.002 vs baseline for all), whereas simvastatin/ezetimibe significantly decreased the campesterol/cholesterol ratio (P = 0.008 vs baseline) and tripled the desmosterol/cholesterol ratio (P < 0.0001 vs baseline). The campesterol/cholesterol and β-sitosterol/cholesterol ratios were lower, whereas the desmosterol/cholesterol ratio was higher in patients receiving simvastatin/ezetimibe (P < 0.0001 vs rosuvastatin, for all). Pronounced differences in markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis were observed between two equally effective lipid-lowering strategies.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anticholesteremic Agents/administration & dosage , Azetidines/administration & dosage , Cholesterol, LDL/drug effects , Fluorobenzenes/administration & dosage , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy , Pyrimidines/administration & dosage , Simvastatin/administration & dosage , Sulfonamides/administration & dosage , Biomarkers/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Drug Therapy, Combination , Prospective Studies
11.
Cult. cuid. enferm ; 9(1): 46-54, jun. 2012. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-663350

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar el plan de emergencia de la Empresa Social del Estado, Hospital Geriátrico San Isidro deManizales, Colombia, en el primer semestre del 2012 y el conocimiento de los funcionarios de estainstitución sobre dicho plan, en el contexto de la seguridad que la institución debe brindar a la saludy desempeño eficiente de sus trabajadores en situaciones críticas que deban enfrentar.MetodologíaSe realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, en los 66 funcionarios administrativos y asistencialesque laboran en la institución. Se aplicó una lista de chequeo para verificar el cumplimiento del planexistente y una encuesta de diez preguntas a cada uno de los empleados, para evaluar su conocimiento.La información se tabuló en una base de datos de Excel y se analizó en el programa G StatStudent.ResultadosEl hospital contaba con un equipo constituido por nueve personas del área asistencial y dosadministrativos, conformado como brigada de emergencias, quienes habían mantenido un trabajocontinuo en la institución. Existía un plan de emergencias, sin embargo estaba incompleto y no sehabía socializado con los trabajadores, hallándose que una de cada cinco personas lo conocía.ConclusiónEs necesario y urgente revisar el plan de emergencias y desastres y capacitar a todos los trabajadores.Se cuenta con la disposición por parte de la actual administración para realizar su actualización eimplementación.


Objective: To evaluate the emergency plan of the Geriatric Hospital, San Isidro, in Manizales Caldas, in the firstsemester of 2012, and the knowledge of its employees about such plan, in the context of the securitythat the institution should offers to the health and efficient performance of the workers in criticalsituations that they might encounter.MethodologyA quantitative, descriptive study was carried out with 66 administrative staff and assistants thatwork in the institution. A checklist to verify the fulfillment of the current plan, and a poll of tenquestions to each one of the employees, to evaluate the knowledge, were applied. The information wastabulated in a Excell database and analyzed in the program, G Stat Student.ResultsThe institution had a working group composed by two administrators and nine people from the carearea that worked as an emergency brigade, maintaining a continuous work in the hospital. There wasan incomplete emergency plan and this had not been socialized with the workers, finding that onlyone, out of five people, knew it.ConclusionIt is necessary and urgent to review the plan of emergencies and disasters, and train all the workersin the hospital. The current administration is willing to update and implement the emergency plan.


Subject(s)
Humans , Knowledge , Disasters , Disaster Emergencies , Disaster Planning
12.
Med. intensiva ; 27(1): [1-6], 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-909793

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Desde la década de 1990, la mortalidad por el síndrome de distress respiratorio agudo ha disminuido. Sin embargo, no hay datos concluyentes acerca de que una nueva estrategia sea responsable de esta evolución (p. ej., el manejo de los fluidos). Aún no se ha dilucidado cuál es la cantidad óptima de fluidos para tratar a estos pacientes. Clásicamente la discusión se basa en estrategias liberales o conservadoras. Objetivo. El objetivo principal fue conocer cómo impacta el balance de fluidos asociado con el uso de noradrenalina en la evolución. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional en 87 pacientes con síndrome de distress respiratorio agudo entre agosto y diciembre de 2007, en tres hospitales universitarios. Se utilizó el protocolo de tratamiento estándar de las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos permitiendo la expansión en forma liberal cuando se sospechaba hipovolemia no resuelta. Resultados. Se detectaron tres situaciones de mayor riesgo y mala evolución: a) la asociación de noradrenalina y balance positivo de fluidos <2500 ml en las primeras 24 h (OR: 5,4; IC95%: 2,1-13,9; p = 0,0004), b) la asociación de noradrenalina y balance acumulativo >5500 ml en las primeras 72 h (OR: 2,7; IC95%: 1,1-6,5; p = 0,032) y c) pacientes con puntaje APACHE II >21, noradrenalina y balance positivo <2500 ml en las primeras 24 h (OR: 8,4; IC95%: 1,8-39; p = 0,008). Conclusión. La utilización de noradrenalina y escaso fluido en estrategias de reanimación que intentan "proteger" al pulmón con lesión parece no ser adecuada, según este estudio observacional(AU)


Introduction. Recent studies have shown an important decline in mortality due to acute respiratory distress syndrome since 1990. However, to date, there is no definitive evidence to demonstrate that any mode of specific therapeutic approach (i.e., fluid management) make a difference in survival or other outcome measures. The optimal fluid management of acute lung injury is not established. Classically there are two arguments: the wet or dry strategy. Objective. The main goal was to know the impact on outcome of fluid balance and the use of noradrenaline as a vasoactive drug. Materials and methods. In this observational study, 87 ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome were included from August to December 2007 in three University Critical Care Units. A standard protocol of resuscitation was used, fluid intake was liberal only in hypovolemic patients. Results. Three categories of risk and poor outcome were detected: a) noradrenaline plus positive fluid balance <2500 mL in first day (OR: 5.4; IC95%: 2.1-13.9; p = 0.0004), b) noradrenaline plus a cumulative positive balance >550 mL in first 72 hours (OR: 2.7; IC95%: 1.1-6.5; p = 0.032), c) APACHE II >21 and noradrenaline plus positive fluid balance <2500 mL in the first day (OR: 8.4; IC95%: 1.8-39; p = 0.008). Conclusion. The use of noradrenaline and conservative resuscitation with fluid in critically ill patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in order to minimize the risk of excessive fluid therapy was associated with poor outcome and higher mortality(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/mortality , Vasodilator Agents/adverse effects , Lung Injury/mortality , Norepinephrine/adverse effects
13.
Bol. micol ; 24: 71-76, dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-585746

ABSTRACT

Como parte de una posible producción de basidiocarpos de Pleurotus eryngii en Chile, se seleccionó como sustrato paja de trigo. Como objetivo principal se evaluó la eficiencia de dos tratamientos térmicos, para reducir la carga microbiana del sustrato, además de determinar los cambios en la relación C:N antes y después a los tratamientos térmicos y cosechas de basidiocarpos. Al mismo tiempo, se determinó la eficiencia biológica de P. eryngii. En un primer tratamiento, partidas del sustrato fueron sometidas a ebullición directa por 1 h., y en un segundo se usó la pasteurización por 3 horas. El sustrato de ambos tratamientos se depositó en bolsas de nylon de 8 Kg y se sembraron con ®semilla¼ de P. eryngii y se incubaron hasta la obtención de basidiocarpos. Se determinó en el sustrato el C y N según Saavedra (1975), y la celulosa, hemicelulosa, lignina y extraíbles totales según métodos propuestos por las normas Tappi (2000). La mayor eficiencia biológica con P. eryngii, se logró en el sustrato sometido a pasteurización.


In an attempt to get a possible production of Pleurotus eryngii basidiocarps, wheat straw was selected as a substratum. The main purpose was to assess the efficiency of two thermal treatments in order to reduce the microbial load of the substratum as well as to detect any change in the C:N relation prior and after thermal treatments and basidiocarp harvests. Besides the biological efficiency of P.eryngii was determined. In a first treatment, some parties of the substratum were submitted to direct boiling for 1h. while in a second one, pasteurization was used for 3h. The resulting substrata of both treatments were kept in 8-kg nylon bags and then sowed with P.eryngii ®seed¼and later on incubated in order to get basidiocarps. C and N were determined in the substratum according to Saavedra (1975) while cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and removable totals were determined following the methods proposed by Tappi standards (2000). The substratrum submitted to pasteurization revealed the highest biological efficiency with P.eryngii.


Subject(s)
Biodegradation, Environmental , Culture Techniques , Efficiency , Pleurotus , Triticum/growth & development , Triticum/microbiology , Chile
14.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 40(3): 357-366, Mar. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-441759

ABSTRACT

The effects of haloperidol and olanzapine on polysomnographic measures made in bipolar patients during manic episodes were compared. Twelve DSM-IV mania patients were randomly assigned to receive either haloperidol (mean ± SD final dosage: 5.8 ± 3.8 mg) or olanzapine (mean ± SD final dosage: 13.6 ± 6.9 mg) in a 6-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. One-night polysomnographic evaluation was performed before and after the haloperidol or olanzapine treatment. Psychopathology and illness severity were rated respectively with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Clinical Global Impressions - Bipolar version (CGI-BP). There was a significant improvement in the YMRS and CGI-BP scores at the end of the study for both groups. Mixed ANOVA used to compare the polysomnographic measures of both drugs demonstrated significant improvement in sleep measures with olanzapine. In the olanzapine group, statistically significant time-drug interaction effects on sleep continuity measures were observed: sleep efficiency (mean ± SEM pre-treatment value: 6.7 ± 20.3 percent; after-treatment: 85.7 ± 10.9 percent), total wake time (pre-treatment: 140.0 ± 92.5 min; after-treatment: 55.2 ± 44.2 min), and wake time after sleep onset (pre-treatment: 109.7 ± 70.8 min; after-treatment: 32.2 ± 20.7 min). Conversely, improvement of polysomnographic measures was not observed for the haloperidol group (P > 0.05). These results suggest that olanzapine is more effective than haloperidol in terms of sleep-promoting effects, although olanzapine is comparatively as effective as haloperidol in treating mania. Polysomnography records should provide useful information on how manic states can be affected by psychopharmacological agents.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Haloperidol/therapeutic use , Sleep/drug effects , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Double-Blind Method , Polysomnography/drug effects , Treatment Outcome
15.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 76(4): 390-396, oct.-dic. 2006.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-568610

ABSTRACT

In-stent restenosis (ISR) has an incidence between 20% and 30% using bare metal stents. ISR late regression phenomenon (ISRLR) has been previously described, but clinical variables related with this phenomenon remain unclear. The aim of the study was to identify the variables related with ISRLR. METHODS: We identified from our data base 30 patients between November 1995 and September 2002 that fulfilled the following criteria: 1) Documented ISR at follow-up angiography (CA-1); 2) treated medically; and 3) Referred for a second follow-up angiography (CA-2). at least 3 months after CA-1. ISRLR was defined as a > 0.2 mm increase in MLD between CA-1 and CA-2, calculated as the 2-fold of our inter-observer variability. ISR late progression was defined as a > 0.2 mm decrease in minimum lumen diameter (MLD) between CA-1 and CA-2. RESULTS: At the time of CA-2 only 2 patients (6.7%) had symptoms related with the previously stented vessel. We found a mean MLD of 1.03+/-0.34 mm and 1.54+/-0.48 mm at CA-1 and CA-2 respectively (AMLD = 0.51 +/-0.34 mm; p < 0.001). Twenty four patients (80.0%) had ISRLR. Two variables were related to the presence or absence ISRLR: Current smoking at the time of coronary stenting (70.8% vs 20.0% respectively, p = 0.026) and acute coronary syndrome as clinical indication for coronary stenting (and 83.5% vs 40.0% respectively, p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: ISRLR is a frequent phenomenon in patients with ISR treated medically, probably contributing to the benign long-term clinical outcome that has been previously described in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic ISR. Current smoking at the time of coronary stenting and acute coronary syndrome as clinical indication for coronary stenting are associated with this phenomenon.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/methods , Coronary Restenosis , Stents , Cardiac Catheterization , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Disease , Coronary Restenosis , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Follow-Up Studies , Metals , Patient Selection , Prognosis , Smoking , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
16.
Nuevos tiempos ; 12(1): 13-22, jun. 2004. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-441414

ABSTRACT

Los dispensadores de medicamentos en Colombia son un grupo de personas que tienen una gran responsabilidad en el manejo adecuado de los fármacos. La mayoría de ellos no tienen la formación técnica y científica necesaria que les permita brindar la información que requieren los pacientes Con la aplicación de la investigación cualitativa se busca identificar las cualidades y calidades de los dispensadores de medicamentos relacionadas con práctica que realizan. En este trabajo se encontró que el personal que está dedicado al despacho de los medicamentos no tiene formación técnica ni profesional en el tema, el área física de la mayoría de las farmacias estudiadas es insuficiente generando caos en la atención, el volumen tan alto de fórmulas despachadas por día no les permite atender adecuadamente al usuario ni brindarle la información que requieren; los despachadores en muchas oportunidades no identifican el nombre de los antimicrobianos y los entregan sin fórmula médica...


Subject(s)
Drug Storage/standards , Education, Pharmacy , Materials and Supplies Stockpiling
17.
Rev. bras. eng. biomed ; 19(3): 125-137, dez. 2003. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-417955

ABSTRACT

O Instituto do Coração tem envidado esforços para integrar todas as informações clínicas dentro da Instituição. Nos últimos anos o InCor implementou com sucesso um sistema para transmissão, arquivamento, recuperação, processamento e visualização de Imagens Médicas e um Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (HIS) que armazena as informações administrativas e clínicas. A integração desses subsistemas forma o Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente (PEP). O InCor é um dos seis Institutos que compõem o Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. Como cada um dos Institutos possui o seu próprio sistema de informações, a troca de informações entre os Institutos é também uma questão muito relevante. Este trabalho apresenta a experiência no desenvolvimento de um Prontuário Eletrônico funcional e completo, que inclui controle de acesso, exames laboratoriais, imagens (estáticas, dinâmicas e 3D), laudos, documentos e mesmo sinais vitais de tempo real. Este artigo também discute a modelagem e implantação de um protótipo de um PEP distribuído e homogêneo. Atualmente, um volume superior a 2,5 TB de imagens DICOM já foi armazenado utilizando a arquitetura proposta. Diariamente, o PEP armazena mais de 5GB de dados e tem uma quantidade de acessos superior a 300 usuários. O sistema de armazenamento permite uma visibilidade de seis meses para acesso imediato e mais de dois anos para acesso automático utilizando uma jukebox


The Heart Institute (InCor) of São Paulo has been committed to the goal of integrating all clinical information within the institution. In the last few years, InCor has successfully created a system for transmission, archiving, retrieval, processing and visualization of Medical Images and a Hospital Information System (HIS) that stores the institution administrative and clinical information. These integrated subsystems form InCor's Electronic Patient Record (EPR). Since InCor is one of the six institutes of the University of São Paulo Medical School Hospital (HC) and each institute has its own information system, exchanging information among the institutes is also a very important issue. This work describes the experience in the effort to develop a functional and comprehensive EPR, which includes access control, lab exams, images (static, dynamic and 3D), clinical reports, documents and even real-time vital signals. This paper addresses also the design and prototype for integration of distributed and heterogeneous EPR. Currently, more than 2.5 TB of DICOM images, have been stored using the proposed architecture. The EPR stores more than 5 GB/day of data and presents more than 300 hits per day. The proposed storage subsystem allow six months of visibility for rapid retrieval (online mode) and more than two years for automatic retrieval using the jukebox


Subject(s)
Forms and Records Control/trends , Forms and Records Control , Medical Records Systems, Computerized/organization & administration , Medical Records Systems, Computerized/trends , Computer Communication Networks/trends , Hospital Information Systems/organization & administration , Hospital Information Systems/trends
18.
Rev. Fac. Farm. (Merida) ; 33: 6-18, 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-259370

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo nos planteamos la interrogante sobre la manera de obtener proteínas de levaduras, con alta digestibilidad. Como posible respuesta proponemos que si candida utilis dispone de un sistema lítico capaz de degradar y resistetizar su pared durante la división celular, entonces ese mismo sistema debe degradar la pared de una levadura muerta de su misma especie. Para comprobar esta hipótesis se cultivó C.utilis #17 ATCC 9226 perteneciente al cepario del Laboratorio de Fermenataciones sobre diferentes medios de cultivo: medio salino, medio salino con glucosa y medio salino con células muertas de Cutilis como fuente de carbono. Los cultivos se incuban a 30ºC por 4 a 5 días. C.Utilis no crece en medio salino pero sí lo hace sobre células muertas de su misma especie. Se optimizaron las condiciones de incubación para obtener la máxima producción de enzimas líticas, detectándose la actividad por la disminución en la turbidez a 540 nm, de una suspensión de células muertas tratadas con el sobrenadante de un cultivo. La máxima actividad se alcanza entre 4 y 5 días de incubación


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Candida/chemistry , Candida/classification , Culture Media/analysis , Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage , Yeasts/metabolism
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